textured surfaces affect the motion of an object
•
Define and differentiate between speed,
velocity, and acceleration
•
Identify causes of changes in velocity
•
Define and differentiate between potential
and kinetic energy
•
Understand the relationship between energy
and magnetism
•
Create models that visually represent the
motion of energy
•
Understand energy types, sources, and
conversions, and their relationship to heat
and temperature
•
Identify the various forms of energy
•
Analyze how energy is used in our daily lives
•
Understand that energy is not created or
destroyed
•
Identify, write, and calculate the formula to
determine pressure
•
Describe the relationship between gravity
and buoyancy
•
Demonstrate an understanding of Pascal’s
principle
•
Know how heat is transferred through radiation
•
Demonstrate how atoms transfer heat through
the air
•
Describe how fluid materials aid in the transfer
of heat
•
Define work
Interactions of Energy and Matter
•
Describe how the sun’s energy arrives to
Earth
•
Identify how a prism breaks sunlight into
visible light
•
Illustrate visible and nonvisible wavelengths
found in sunlight
•
Differentiate between constructive interference
and destructive interference
•
Explain how vibrations change speed
•
Understand that sounds move through
waves
•
Demonstrate how waves move in a
variety of liquids
•
Explain how earthquake waves move and
spread away from the source of the earthquake
•
Identify and describe the types of seismic waves
•
Know that light interacts with matter by
transmission (including refraction), absorption, or
scattering (including reflection); to see an object,
light from the object (emitted by or scattered
from it) must enter the eye
•
Explain how sound waves interact
•
Demonstrate light that is refracted, absorbed,
and scattered
•
Know that only a narrow range of wavelengths
of electromagnetic radiation of visible light are
perceived as differences in color
•
Describe the properties of magnets
•
Illustrate the shape of a magnetic field
•
Differentiate between an electrical field with
a single charge and an electrical field with
multiple charges
•
Differentiate between conductors and
insulators
•
Explain factors in a current flow
•
Compare and contrast series circuits and
parallel circuits
•
Explain Ohm’s law and use the formula to
calculate resistance, voltage, or current
•
Describe characteristics of an electromagnet
•
Differentiate between analog and digital signals
Science and Technology
•
Design and conduct scientific investigations to
test ideas using correct format, analyzing data,
and predicting future outcomes
•
Design an investigation on work
•
Identify problems appropriate for
technological design
•
Develop criteria for evaluating the product
or solution
•
Identify constraints that must be taken
into consideration
•
Identify the steps in the technology
design process
•
Describe the components of a technology
system
•
Apply safe and appropriate abilities
to manipulate materials, equipment,
and technologies
•
Implement a proposed design
Eighth Grade
137
Nobel Learning Curriculum Reference Guide
•
Evaluate completed design or product
•
Analyze the risks and benefits of the solution
SOCIAL STUDIES
The History of Democracy
•
Explain the fundamental principles and moral
values of American democracy as expressed in
the U.S. Constitution and other essential
documents of American democracy (e.g. Bill of
Rights; constitutional amendments; laws
governing elections, commerce, banking, etc.)
•
Describe the political philosophies and
concepts of government that became the
foundation for the American Revolution and
eventually the United States government
•
Analyze the Articles of Confederation
and the reasons for their replacement by
the Constitution
•
Analyze the influence of philosophers,
such as John Locke, on the development of
American government
•
Describe the significance of the Magna Carta,
the English Bill of Rights, and the Mayflower
Compact
•
Explain the nation’s blend of civic
republicanism, classical liberal principles, and
English parliamentary traditions
•
Describe the political philosophies that are
reflected in the Constitution as specified in the
Federalist Papers (drafted by James Madison,
Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay)
•
Describe the principles of federalism, dual
sovereignty, separation of powers, checks and
balances, and the nature and purpose of
majority rule
•
Explain the role of such leaders as James
Madison, George Washington, Roger Sherman,
and James Wilson in the writing and ratification
of the Constitution
•
Evaluate the major debates that occurred
during the development of the Constitution and
their ultimate outcomes
•
Describe the functions and responsibilities of
a free press
•
Analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of
the three branches of government as established
by the U.S. Constitution
•
Discuss Article I of the Constitution as it
relates to the legislative branch
•
Discuss Article II of the Constitution as it
relates to the executive branch
•
Discus Article III of the Constitution as it
relates to the judicial branch
•
Explain the process through which the
Constitution can be amended
•
Explain the processes of selection and
confirmation of Supreme Court justices
•
Summarize landmark U.S. Supreme Court
interpretations of the Constitution and its
amendments
•
Evaluate the effects of the Supreme Court’s
interpretations of the Constitution in Marbury v.
Madison and the role of John Marshall in the
judicial review
•
Understand that the Bill of Rights limits
the powers of the federal government and
state governments
•
Discuss the meaning and importance of each of
the rights guaranteed under the Bill of Right and
how each is secured (e.g., freedom of religion,
speech, press, assembly, petition, privacy)
•
Discuss the historical role of religion and
religious diversity
•
Identify and explain the origins, purpose, and
differing views of the framers of the Constitution
on the issue of the separation of church and state
•
Understand the changing interpretations of the
Bill of Rights over time, including interpretations
of the basic freedoms (religion, speech, press,
petition, and assembly)
•
Explain the controversies that have resulted
over changing interpretations of civil rights,
including those in Brown v. Board of Education
•
Compare the processes of lawmaking at each of
the three levels of government, including the
role of lobbying and the media
•
Explain how the different philosophies and
structures of feudalism, mercantilism, socialism,
fascism, communism, monarchies, parliamentary
systems, and constitutional liberal democracies
influence economic policies, social welfare
policies, and human rights practices
•
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of federal, co-federal, and unitary systems
of government.
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